How is Mockito able to instantiate classes without calling their constructors?

How is Mockito able to instantiate classes without calling their constructors?

Mockito uses Java's reflection capabilities to create mock objects without invoking their constructors. Reflection allows Mockito to inspect and manipulate classes, methods, and fields at runtime. Mockito uses this feature to dynamically generate proxy objects that mimic the behavior of the class being mocked.

By utilizing reflection, Mockito can intercept calls to constructors and substitute them with the creation of mock objects. This enables the mocking framework to replace real object instances with mock instances, facilitating testing and isolation of components.

It's important to note that Mockito's ability to mock classes without invoking their constructors relies on reflection and may have limitations, especially when dealing with certain types of classes, final classes, or classes with private constructors.